PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG MAIZENA DAN GULA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN ORGANOLEPTIK FRUIT LEATHER PEPAYA (Carica papaya L)

Buah pepaya merupakan salah satu kekayaan alam hayati, akan tetapi pemanfaatannya
masih terkendala karena umur buah ini sangat pendek (dalam hitungan hari). Pemanfaatan yang
masih terbatas disertai dengan produksi yang tinggi sehingga perlu pengolahan yang tepat agar
pepaya memiliki nilai jual yang ekonomis dan banyak diminati oleh masyarakat, salah satunya
dengan diolah menjadi fruit leather. Fruit leather merupakan produk makanan berbasis buah
yang dikeringkan menjadi lembaran tipis dengan tekstur sedikit liat dan kompak dengan
ketebalan 2-3. Dalam pembuatan fruit leather agar memiliki plastisitas yang baik maka harus
memperkuat tekstur dan sifat gelnya diantaranya penambahan tepung maizena yang banyak
menggandung amilosa dan amilopektin. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini menentukan pengaruh
perbedaan penambahan tepung maizena dan gula fruit leather pepaya dan menentukan
komposisi terbaik terhadap fruit leather pepaya sehingga menghasilkan fruit leather
berdasarkan sifat fisik dan organoleptik.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dua faktor perlakuan
dengan 9 taraf perlakuan, sehingga diperoleh 27 unit percobaan yang akan dilakukan dan
dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of variance) dengan uji lanjut DMRT khusus
karakteristik organoleptik mengunakan analisis Friedman. Uji fisik meliputi kuat tarik,
elongasi, kekerasan, kadar air dan warna, sedangkan uji organoleptik warna, aroma, rasa,
tesktur dan overall. Proses pembuatan fruit leather pepaya terdiri dari persiapan bahan,
penghancuran serta pencampuran bahan, pemanasan, pencetak dalam loyang dan dioven 60ºC
selama 22 jam.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung maizena dan gula
memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kuat tarik, kekerasan, kadar air dan warna, tetapi tidak
berpengaruh nyata terhadap elongasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik fruit leather pepaya
tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap aroma. Perlakuan terbaik fruit leather pepaya yang memenuhi
mutu fisik dan paling disukai panelis diperoleh pada penambahan tepung maizena 1% dan gula
30% dengan nilai kuat tarik 706,065 N/m2
, elongasi 3,33 cm, kekerasan 21 mm/g/s, kadar air
12,24%, warna oranye dan rata-rata panelis menyukai perlakuan ini.
(Program Studi Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Jurusan Teknologi Pertanian, Fakultas
Pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu)
v
SUMMARY
THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONAL MAIZENE FLOUR AND SUGAR ON THE
PHYSICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF PAPAYA LEATHER FRUIT
(Carica Papaya L) (Metri Hani Utari, under the guidance of Ir. Wuri Marsigit, M.App.Sc and
Ir. Hasanuddin, M.Sc. 82 pages, 2022)
Papaya fruit is one of the biological natural resources, but its use is still constrained
because the age of this fruit is very short (in a matter of days). Utilization is still limited
accompanied by high production so that it needs proper processing so that papaya has an
economical selling value and is in great demand by the public, one of which is processed into
fruit leather. Fruit leather is a fruit-based food product that is dried into thin sheets with a
slightly tough and compact texture with a thickness of 2-3. In making fruit leather, in order to
have good plasticity, it must strengthen the texture and gel properties, including the addition of
cornstarch which contains a lot of amylose and amylopectin. The purpose of this study was to
determine the effect of different concentrations of cornstarch and sugar on papaya fruit leather
and determine the best composition for papaya fruit leather to produce fruit leather based on
physical and organoleptic properties.
This study used a two-factor randomized block design (RAK) with 9 treatment levels, in
order to obtain 27 experimental units to be carried out and analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis
of variance) with further test of DMRT specifically for organoleptic characteristics using
Friedman analysis. Physical tests include tensile strength, elongation, hardness, water content
and color, while organoleptic tests for color, aroma, taste, texture and overall. The process of
making papaya fruit leather consists of material preparation, crushing and mixing of
ingredients, heating, printing in a pan and in an oven at 60ºC for 22 hours.
The results showed that the concentration of cornstarch and sugar had a significant effect
on tensile strength, hardness, moisture content and color, but had no significant effect on
elongation. Based on the results of the organoleptic test, papaya fruit leather had no significant
effect on aroma. The best treatment of papaya fruit leather that met the physical quality and was
most preferred by panelists was obtained by adding 1% cornstarch and 30% sugar with a tensile
strength value of 706.065 N/m2, elongation 3.33 cm, hardness 21 mm/g/s, water content 12
.24%, the color is orange and the average panelist likes this treatment