KERAGAMAN GENETIK DAN HERITABILITAS LIMA AKSESI BUNGA MATAHARI DI KOTA BENGKULU

Yuliani, Dewi and Suprapto, Suprapto and Sumardi, Sumardi (2009) KERAGAMAN GENETIK DAN HERITABILITAS LIMA AKSESI BUNGA MATAHARI DI KOTA BENGKULU. Undergraduated thesis, Fakultas Pertanian UNIB.

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Abstract

Sunflower is a versatile plant that can be utilized as ornamental and it seeds can serve as source of food, animal feed, skin and hair cares oil, and high quality and healthy cooking oil. Nevertheless, the continuity of sunflower production is hampered by low farmer knowledge on good cultural practice for the crop, including the choice of variety that best for the existing environmental condition. High genetic variation of a particular trait is an indication that improvement of such trait can effectively gained through a breeding program. Objective of this study was to determine the genetic variation and heritability of sunflower accessions collected from City of Bengkulu area. Experiment was conducted from October 2007 to March 2008 at the experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu (10 above sea level). Five sunflower accessions (Kandang Limun, Beringin Raya, Sawa Lebar Baru, Kandang Mas, and Semarang) were planted in a randomized complete block arrangement with three replications. Observations were made on flowering date, plant height, node number, node length, branch number, leaf width and length, leaf greenness, capitula diameter, number of developed and empty seeds per capitula, seed width and thickness, seed weight per capitula, and whole plant biomass. Most of the variables observed had low coefficient of genotypic variations, except branch number, capitula diameter, number of developed and empty seed per capitula, and seed weight per capitula. Low genotypic variation suggested that additional accessions are required to make improvement, whereas high genotypic variation means no additional accessions to gain improvement from selection. High broadsense heritabilities were found on branch number, capitula diameter, and number of developed and empty seed per capitula, indicating that genetic factor is more dominant than environmental factor in the expression of these traits. Medium broadsense heritabilities were showed by plant height, node number, node length, and leaf length, indicating both genetic and environmental played a balanced role in the expression of the traits. Similarly low broadsense heritabilities showed by leaf width, leaf greenness, capitula diameter, seed width, seed thickness, and plant biomass were more influenced by environmental factor.

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