KARAKTERISTIK FISIK ARSITEKTUR ISLAM PADA BANGUNAN MASJID DI KECAMATAN CURUP TENGAH KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

Curup Tengah has distinct geographical, cultural, and traditional conditions
compared to the origins of Islamic architrecture in Arabia. The focus of this
research is on the adaptation of Islamic architecture to the local context and the
needs of the community, as well as its influence on the use of Islamic architectural
elements in mosques. Discussions and literature reviews related to Islamic
architecture in Curup Tengah are still very limited, making information on this topic
difficult to obtain. This research aims to describe and analyze in more depth the
physical characteristics of Islamic architecture in terms of ornaments, including the
use of calligraphy, geometry, and vegetal pattern in mosque buldings. In terms of
form, including use of domes, minarets, and arches. Furthermore, it look at spatial
arrangements, including the prayer hall, mihrab and pulpit, corridors, ablution
area, study areas, natural ventilation and lighting, as well as natural element.
The method used in thi research is qualitative research with a descriptive
comparative approach. Due to limited time and resources, the sample mosques were
selected according to the needs and criteria of the puposive sampling method,
namely based on the oldest – youngest and based on the most complicated and
simplest level of complexity. The sample mosques included Al-Hidayah Mosque in
Kelurahan Talang Rimbo Baru, Al-Muchlisin Mosque in Kelurahan Air Bang,
Taqwa Mosque in Kelurahan Kampung Jawa, Nurul Huda Mosque in Kelurahan
Talang Rimbo Baru, Al-Ikhlas Mosque in Kelurahan Air Bang, Al-Muhajirin
Mosque in Kekurahan Talang Rimbo Lama, Darussalam Mosque in Kelurahan Air
Bang, Baitul Iman Mosque in Kelurahan Sidorejo, Banu Zainudin Mosque in
Kelurahan Talang Rimbo Baru, and Nurul Hukmih Mosque in Kelurahan Talang
Rimbo Lama. Data collection wa carried out through observations, interviews,
questionnaires, and literature studies relevant to the theme under discussion. The
collected data was then analyzed and summarized into a detailed whole, described
and elaborated in the form of text and narrative, and conclusions were drawn.
The finding indicates that mosques in Curup Tengah generally do not have minarets
and do not use artificial cooling systems. Optimal application of Islamic
architectural elements is found in Al-Ikhlas, Al-Muhajirin, and darussalam
Mosque, which apply twelve out of thirteen elements, while other are still
considered lacking in their application. In addition, the most dominant elements in
mosques in Curup Tengah are calligraphy, arches, domes, prayer rooms, mihrab
and pulpits, hallways, ablution place, air conditioning and lighting. This research
contributes to understanding how architectural elements are applied and and offers
valuable insights for future mosque design in Curup.
Keywords: Islamic Architecture, Physica Characteristics, Mosque, Curup Tengah